3,349 research outputs found
Antisocial Behavior in Online Discussion Communities
User contributions in the form of posts, comments, and votes are essential to
the success of online communities. However, allowing user participation also
invites undesirable behavior such as trolling. In this paper, we characterize
antisocial behavior in three large online discussion communities by analyzing
users who were banned from these communities. We find that such users tend to
concentrate their efforts in a small number of threads, are more likely to post
irrelevantly, and are more successful at garnering responses from other users.
Studying the evolution of these users from the moment they join a community up
to when they get banned, we find that not only do they write worse than other
users over time, but they also become increasingly less tolerated by the
community. Further, we discover that antisocial behavior is exacerbated when
community feedback is overly harsh. Our analysis also reveals distinct groups
of users with different levels of antisocial behavior that can change over
time. We use these insights to identify antisocial users early on, a task of
high practical importance to community maintainers.Comment: ICWSM 201
You had me at hello: How phrasing affects memorability
Understanding the ways in which information achieves widespread public
awareness is a research question of significant interest. We consider whether,
and how, the way in which the information is phrased --- the choice of words
and sentence structure --- can affect this process. To this end, we develop an
analysis framework and build a corpus of movie quotes, annotated with
memorability information, in which we are able to control for both the speaker
and the setting of the quotes. We find that there are significant differences
between memorable and non-memorable quotes in several key dimensions, even
after controlling for situational and contextual factors. One is lexical
distinctiveness: in aggregate, memorable quotes use less common word choices,
but at the same time are built upon a scaffolding of common syntactic patterns.
Another is that memorable quotes tend to be more general in ways that make them
easy to apply in new contexts --- that is, more portable. We also show how the
concept of "memorable language" can be extended across domains.Comment: Final version of paper to appear at ACL 2012. 10pp, 1 fig. Data, demo
memorability test and other info available at
http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~cristian/memorability.htm
Spectroscopy studies of straincompensated mid-infrared QCL active regions on misoriented substrates
In this work, we perform spectroscopic studies of AlGaAs/InGaAs quantum cascade laser structures that demonstrate frequency mixing using strain-compensated active regions. Using a three-quantum well design based on diagonal transitions, we incorporate strain in the active region using single and double well configurations on various surface planes (100) and (111). We observe the influence of piezoelectric properties in molecular beam epitaxy grown structures, where the addition of indium in the GaAs matrix increases the band bending in between injector regions and demonstrates a strong dependence on process conditions that include sample preparation, deposition rates, mole fraction, and enhanced surface diffusion lengths. We produced mid-infrared structures under identical deposition conditions that differentiate the role of indium(strain) in intracavity frequency mixing and show evidence that this design can potentially be implemented using other material systems
Can Cascades be Predicted?
On many social networking web sites such as Facebook and Twitter, resharing
or reposting functionality allows users to share others' content with their own
friends or followers. As content is reshared from user to user, large cascades
of reshares can form. While a growing body of research has focused on analyzing
and characterizing such cascades, a recent, parallel line of work has argued
that the future trajectory of a cascade may be inherently unpredictable. In
this work, we develop a framework for addressing cascade prediction problems.
On a large sample of photo reshare cascades on Facebook, we find strong
performance in predicting whether a cascade will continue to grow in the
future. We find that the relative growth of a cascade becomes more predictable
as we observe more of its reshares, that temporal and structural features are
key predictors of cascade size, and that initially, breadth, rather than depth
in a cascade is a better indicator of larger cascades. This prediction
performance is robust in the sense that multiple distinct classes of features
all achieve similar performance. We also discover that temporal features are
predictive of a cascade's eventual shape. Observing independent cascades of the
same content, we find that while these cascades differ greatly in size, we are
still able to predict which ends up the largest
Anyone Can Become a Troll: Causes of Trolling Behavior in Online Discussions
In online communities, antisocial behavior such as trolling disrupts
constructive discussion. While prior work suggests that trolling behavior is
confined to a vocal and antisocial minority, we demonstrate that ordinary
people can engage in such behavior as well. We propose two primary trigger
mechanisms: the individual's mood, and the surrounding context of a discussion
(e.g., exposure to prior trolling behavior). Through an experiment simulating
an online discussion, we find that both negative mood and seeing troll posts by
others significantly increases the probability of a user trolling, and together
double this probability. To support and extend these results, we study how
these same mechanisms play out in the wild via a data-driven, longitudinal
analysis of a large online news discussion community. This analysis reveals
temporal mood effects, and explores long range patterns of repeated exposure to
trolling. A predictive model of trolling behavior shows that mood and
discussion context together can explain trolling behavior better than an
individual's history of trolling. These results combine to suggest that
ordinary people can, under the right circumstances, behave like trolls.Comment: Best Paper Award at CSCW 201
Renormalizable Non-Covariant Gauges and Coulomb Gauge Limit
To study ``physical'' gauges such as the Coulomb, light-cone, axial or
temporal gauge, we consider ``interpolating'' gauges which interpolate linearly
between a covariant gauge, such as the Feynman or Landau gauge, and a physical
gauge. Lorentz breaking by the gauge-fixing term of interpolating gauges is
controlled by extending the BRST method to include not only the local gauge
group, but also the global Lorentz group. We enumerate the possible divergences
of interpolating gauges, and show that they are renormalizable, and we show
that the expectation value of physical observables is the same as in a
covariant gauge. In the second part of the article we study the Coulomb-gauge
as the singular limit of the Landau-Coulomb interpolating gauge. We find that
unrenormalized and renormalized correlation functions are finite in this limit.
We also find that there are finite two-loop diagrams of ``unphysical''
particles that are not present in formal canonical quantization in the Coulomb
gauge. We verify that in the same limit, the Gauss-BRST Ward identity holds,
which is the functional analog of the operator statement that a BRST
transformation is generated by the Gauss-BRST charge. As a consequence,
is invariant under renormalization, whereas in a covariant gauge, no component
of the gluon field has this property.Comment: 37 pages, latex; 3 postscript figure
On the Nature of Particulate Emissions from DISI Engines at Cold-Fast-Idle
Particulate emissions from a production gasoline direct injection spark ignition engine were studied under a typical cold-fast-idle condition (1200 rpm, 2 bar NIMEP). The particle number (PN) density in the 22 to 365 nm range was measured as a function of the injection timing with single pulse injection and with split injection. Very low PN emissions were observed when injection took place in the mid intake stroke because of the fast fuel evaporation and mixing processes which were facilitated by the high turbulent kinetic energy created by the intake charge motion. Under these conditions, substantial liquid fuel film formation on the combustion chamber surfaces was avoided. PN emissions increased when injection took place in the compression stroke, and increased substantially when the fuel spray hit the piston. A conceptual model was established for the particulate matter (PM) formation process in which PM is formed by pyrolysis after the normal premixed flame passage in fuel rich plumes originating from liquid films on the cylinder walls. The pyrolysis process is supported by heat conducted from the hot burned gases outside the plume and by the energy released by the pyrolysis reactions. Thus, the “pool fire” often observed is not a diffusion flame since the small amount of residual oxygen in the burned gases cannot support such a flame. The luminosity is radiation from the hot soot particles which are not oxidized after being formed in the pyrolysis reactions. This model was supported by the PN data obtained from sweeping the charge equivalence ratio from lean to rich.Borg-Warner CorporationChrysler CorporationFord Motor CompanyGeneral Motors Corporatio
Pseudomorphic growth of InAs on misoriented GaAs for extending quantum cascade laser wavelength
The authors have studied the impact of epilayer strain on the deposition of InAs/GaAs on (100) and (111)B with 2 degrees offset toward 2-1-1 surfaces. Consequences of a 7% lattice mismatch between these orientations in the form of three-dimensional growth are less apparent for (111)B with 2 degrees offset toward 2-1-1 surfaces compared to (100). By exploring a range of molecular beam epitaxy process parameters for InAs/GaAs growth and utilizing scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the quality of these strained layers, the authors develop empirical models that describe the influence of the process conditions in regards to surface roughness with \u3e92% accuracy. The smoothest InAs/GaAs samples demonstrated average surface roughness of 0.08 nm for 10 um-squre areas, albeit at very low deposition rates. The authors have found the most important process conditions to be substrate temperature and deposition rate, leading us to believe that controlling diffusion length may be the key to reducing defects in severely strained structures. InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade laser structures were also produced on (111)B with 2 degrees offset toward 2-1-1 to take advantage of the piezoelectric effect, and the modified laser transitions due to these effects were observed
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